Cooperation for innovation in liberal market economies: STI and DUI innovation modes in SMEs in the United Kingdom

This study focuses on the collaboration patterns that small firms hold with other agents within liberal market economies and identifies collaborative drivers in this context deliver a superior impact innovation output measured by product process innovations. To explore research question, combines literature systems growing business modes studies whether businesses are driven science technology factors (STI), or experience-based such as learning-by-doing, by-using by-interacting (DUI). In UK economy, universities centres expected to play critical role for well beyond typical they produce coordinated economies. hypothesis is largely verified through our empirical evidence. Methodologically, developed application of propensity score matching longitudinal survey (LSBS) 2015.